Kobe Earthquake

Slide 1: TITLE: The Kobe earthquake 1995 AIM:To complete a detailed account of the Kobe earthquake including primary and secondary effects

Slide 2: A box like this tells you what to do Explain why the earthquake happened

Slide 3: On Tuesday, January 17th 1995, at 5.46 a.m. an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 on the Richter Scale struck Kobe. This region is the second most populated area after Tokyo, with a population of 10 million. The ground shook for only 20 seconds but in that short time over 5,000 people died, over 300,000 people became homeless and damage worth £100 billion was caused to roads, houses, factories and infrastructure (gas, electric, water, sewerage, phone cables, etc). Make a FACT FILE of the information above Date Time Magnitude Duration Impact/Effects

Slide 4: Why did the earthquake happen here? Three plates meet near to the coast of Japan. Close to Kobe, the denser oceanic Philippines Plate is being pushed beneath the lighter continental Eurasian Plate. Earthquakes are very common along this boundary. Explain why the earthquake happened

Slide 5: The great destruction which resulted from the 1995 Kobe Earthquake was due to the shallow depth of the focus which was only about 16 kms. below the surface and the fact that the epicentre occurred close to a very heavily populated area. Explain why the earthquake was so strong

Slide 6: The Effects of the Earthquake: The immediate effects of the earthquake are known as primary effects. They include the collapse of buildings, bridges and roads resulting from the shaking of the crust. Explain what is meant by primary effects Describe the PRIMARY EFFECTS from the following TEN slides

Slide 7: The earthquake caused massive damage to all the transport facilities. Several sections of motorway collapsed or toppled sideways. Railway lines were buckled and many stations damaged. A 130 kilometre section of the 'bullet train' rail network had to be closed. Primary effect

Slide 8: Primary effect

Slide 9: Many elevated highways were damaged Primary effect

Slide 10: Before Most roads suffered some damage After Primary effect

Slide 11: Before Some of the older office blocks built in the 1960's of steel and concrete collapsed in the middle so that a whole floor was After crushed by the rooms above. Primary effect

Slide 12: Many of lower floors of office blocks crumpled by the weight above Primary effect

Slide 13: The Port was ` damaged due to liquefaction Cranes tilted or fell Primary effect

Slide 14: Modern buildings designed to be earthquake proof suffered little damage, although some were left standing at an angle when the ground beneath them liquefied Primary effect

Slide 15: Many of the older, wooden houses collapsed. Primary effect

Slide 16: However, modern earthquake proof buildings survived Primary effect

Slide 17: The secondary effects are those that follow an earthquake such as fires, congestion and chaos on the roads, the closure of businesses and the problem of homelessness. Explain what is meant by Secondary effects Describe the PRIMARY EFFECTS from the following pictures

Slide 18: Fire, triggered by broken gas pipes caused a huge amount of damage, destroying at least 7,500 wooden homes. Secondary effect

Slide 19: Almost 300,000 people were made homeless by the earthquake and had to be given emergency shelter. The severe winter weather (-2°C.) made this a serious problem. Secondary effect

Slide 20: Putting things right after the earthquake •Water, electricity, gas services were fully working in six months •The railways were back in service in 7 months •After three weeks most phones lines were working •A year after the earthquake, 80% of the port was working •By January 1999, 134,000 housing units had been built. •After fourteen months all collapsed bridges were repaired. What proof is there that the Japanese were able to repair the City of Kobe quickly after the earthquake

Slide 21: HOMEWORK Research your own earthquake try to find out similar information Present your findings on one sheet of paper TIME One week