Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0

Slideshow Transcript

1. Slide 1: Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 Francisco Lupiáñez-Villanueva Lecturer Information and Communication Science Open University of Catalonia http://www.uoc.edu TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 5-6 SEPTEMBER 2007 NATIONAL SCIENCE LEARNING CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF YORK
2. Slide 2: • Introduction • Methodology • Results • Discussion • Conclusions • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 2 / 33
3. Slide 3: Introduction • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 3 / 33
4. Slide 4: Research Programme Project Internet Catalonia directed by Prof. Castells and Prof. Tubella and supported by Catalonia Government. http://www.uoc.edu/in3/pic/cat/index.html Internet and the Catalan Public Health System. Technological Modernisation, Organizational Change and Service Delivery in the Catalan Public Health System directed by Prof. Castells and supported by Catalonia Government http://www.uoc.edu/in3/pic/cat/salut.html Health and Technology - IN3 Research Programme • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 4 / 33
5. Slide 5: Wikipedia definition Web 2.0 Informationalims: theoretical blueprint by Prof. Castells The three major, distinctive features of the technologies that are at the heart of the system are: 1. Their self-expanding processing and communicating capacity in terms of volume, complexity, and speed. 2. Their recombining ability on the basis of digitization and recurrent communication. 3. Their distributing flexibility through interactive, digitized networking. Interactive communication – W.W.W browser and editor Flexibility, that allows the distribution of processing power in various contexts and applications • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 5 / 33
6. Slide 6: Health field is also involved by the informationalim paradigm. But…due to the dynamic of these technologies, those actors are in front of another challenge related to Web 2.0. • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 6 / 33
7. Slide 7: Purpose The aim of this paper is to analyze the Internet use made by physicians, nurses, pharmacists, patient support groups and Internet users. In this analysis, we put specially emphasis on two objectives. • To identify the possible interactive communication processes allowed by the applications available on the Net. • To study in depth the social consequences of the change on the information and communication dimension caused by the Internet. • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 7 / 33
8. Slide 8: Methodology • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 8 / 33
9. Slide 9: Web Content Analysis Online surveys • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 9 / 33
10. Slide 10: Web content analysis In order to approach the analysis of webs of health in Catalonia we have to delimit the object of study of our investigation, in two scopes: • The thematic approach: \"health\" • The geographic approach \"Catalonia\" 1240 web resources October 2005 – January 2006 Online survey to webmaster – March 2006 388 emails – 112 answer (28,86%) • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 10 / 33
11. Slide 11: Web content analysis Content Communication Criteria Interaction Services Content Quality Web resource Interaction • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 11 / 33
12. Slide 12: Web content analysis Content Interaction Health content YES / NO Communication Postal Address YES / NO email YES / NO Telephone number YES / NO Email list YES / NO Advertising YES / NO Electronic forums YES / NO Chat YES / NO Online surveys YES / NO Services Electronic Commerce YES / NO Electronic formulary YES / NO Login - password YES / NO Other YES / NO • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 12 / 33
13. Slide 13: Web content analysis Quality Agents Contents Personal Web Author YES / NO Patient Support Groups Professional profile YES / NO Date YES / NO Healthcare providers Communication and services Professional Associations Privacy – Legal advices YES / NO Public Administration Web resources Healthcare professionals Web Map YES / NO Languages YES / NO Research Centres Search YES / NO Other providers FAQ: Frequent Asked Question YES / NO Teaching Centres Help YES / NO Technological Standards YES / NO NGO Accreditation YES / NO Media Aim of the web YES / NO • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 13 / 33
14. Slide 14: Online surveys – Healthcare actors This type of surveys offers an alternative to the postal, telephone or face to face surveys as long as technical and methodological considerations are taking into account The main obstacles of this type of surveys are associate to the representation of the sample and the suitable rates of answer • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 14 / 33
15. Slide 15: Online surveys – Rates Healthcare Actors Date Population Rate Questions - Variables Patient Support October 2005 215 Groups 52 (24,18%) 32 questions Groups 237 variables Webmaster March 2006 388 contact 112 (28,86%) 3 questions email 34 variables Physicians June 2006 16531 272 variables 2199 (13,3%) Barcelona 38 questions (COMB) Internet users June 2006 435 48 questions 279 variables Nurses October 2006 13583 1170 (8,61%) 42 questions Barcelona 278 variables (COIB) Pharmacist November 7.648 Barcelona 898 (11,74%) 30 questions 2006 (COFB) 234 variables • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 15 / 33
16. Slide 16: Results • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 16 / 33
17. Slide 17: Web content analysis Content Interaction Communication Telephone number 72.6 % email 78.9 % Postal Address 70.6 % Electronic forums 9.2 % Health content 55.9 % Email list 8.8 % Advertising 13.7 % Online surveys 6.4 % Chat 2.3 % Services Electronic formulary 14.6 % Login - password 10.1 % Electronic Commerce 4.1 % Physicians appointments 4.8 % Other 4.8% Library services 3.5% Healthcare services 1.4% Online learning 0.4% Payments 0,5% • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 17 / 33
18. Slide 18: Web content analysis Quality Agents Contents Professional Associations 25% Author 66,3% Healthcare professionals 22.2 % Professional profile 60,6% Date 50,2% Patient Support Groups 17.1 % Communication and services Healthcare providers 12.8 % Privacy – Legal advices 20,8% Personal Web 5.9 % Web resources Public Administration 5% More than one language 37,6% Aim of the web 35,9% Teaching Centres 4% Search 16,9% NGO 2.4 % Web Map 12,6% Research Centres 2.3 % Accreditation 11,5% Help 4,9% Other providers 2.3 % FAQ: Frequent Asked Question 4,3% Media 1% Technological Standards 1,2% • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 18 / 33
19. Slide 19: Online surveys – Webmasters What are the main barriers to the What are the main objectives of your development of your website?: website? Lack of time 70,5% To offer contact data details 81,3% Lack of money 47,3% To offer health information 75,9% Human resources 38,4% To obtain non economic benefits 64,3% (prestige, recognition…) Enough knowledge about 34,8% Internet applications To offer a new communication 63,4% channel Technological infrastructure 31,8% To offer face to face services 63,4% Private sponsorship 28,6% To offer online services 33,9% Support from your own 21,4% organization To obtain economic benefits 18,8% Enough knowledge about the 21,4% Internet potential Lack of ideas about what I can 14,3% do on the Internet. Lack of interest 2,7% • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 19 / 33
20. Slide 20: Online surveys – Internet users % Have you talked with your physician about the Internet Health information seek frequency % health information you found on the Internet? 7,5 Daily 18,8% YES 17,6 Weekly 81,2% NO 45,0 Monthly Do you have the email of your physician? % Never or almost never 30,1 YES 11,1 100,0 Total 88,9 NO Have you sought Patient Support Groups % information on the Internet Which of the following health services will you never % use? 47,6 YES Online appointments with your physician 2.9 NO 50,8 8.9 Online consultation with your physician % As a result of your Internet search do you… Online prescription 5,6 keep searching for more advice or information on the 43,9% health question 15.2 Online monitoring 34,5% calm down with the medical advice received look for a health professional 27,4% 12,2% try to diagnose a health problem 11% worry about the medical advice received 10,8% Try to treat a health problem 5,7% Look for the support of no health professional 4,1% Other • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 20 / 33
21. Slide 21: Online surveys – Patient support groups Do you have Internet connection? % YES 92,3% NO 7,7% % Do you have a website? 76,9% YES 23,1% NO % Do you have any electronic newsletter? 30,8% YES NO 69,2% % Do you have any electronic forum? 7,7% YES, it is just for our patient support group 17,3% YES, it is opened for anyone 75% NO % Do you have the email of the group members 40,4% YES, we ask them for the email 34,6% YES, they give it although we do not ask for it 25% NO • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 21 / 33
22. Slide 22: Online surveys – Physicians Do you use the email to contact or communicate… % Do you use the Internet for professional purpose? % With other healthcare professionals 89,1% YES 93,3% With your patients 21,9% NO 6,7% When you have doubts on treatments or diagnoses, Do you recommend to your patients the consult of % % do you use any electronic discussion list or look health information on the Internet? for information on the Internet? 7,7% Frequently 45,5% Very Frequently - Frequently 38,1% Sometimes 54,5% Rarely - Never 543% Never Do you participate in Internet sites explaining or % % Do you have… clarifying doubts? 19,1% A personal website 9% Very Frequently - Frequently 49,1% A collective website 91% Rarely - Never 5,1% A blog Do you participate in Internet sites as an advisor of % patients? % What are the main reasons? Very Frequently - Frequently 2,5% Share information with people 15,4% 97,5% Rarely - Never 12,5% Share information with my friends and families 11,1% Spread my own scientific work Discussion about clinical issues related with my 6,8% medical speciality 5,5% Share information with my patients 2,7% Spread no scientific work • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 22 / 33
23. Slide 23: Online surveys – Nurses Do you use the email to contact or communicate… % Do you use the Internet for professional purpose? % With other healthcare professionals 74% YES 74,3% With your patients 7,7% NO 25,7% When you have doubts on treatments or diagnoses, Do you recommend to your patients the consult of % do you use any electronic discussion list or look % health information on the Internet? for information on the Internet? 7% Frequently 57,6% Very Frequently - Frequently 36,8% Sometimes 42,4% Rarely - Never 52,2% Never Do you participate in Internet sites explaining or % clarifying doubts? % Do you have… 10,9% Very Frequently - Frequently 40,7% A collective website 89,1% Rarely - Never 30,9% A personal website Do you participate in Internet sites as an advisor of 9% A blog % patients? % What are the main reasons? Very Frequently - Frequently 2,5% Share information with my friends and families 21.4% 97,5% Rarely - Never Share information with people 10.7% Spread my own scientific work 9.3% Discussion about clinical issues related with my 7.6% speciality Spread no scientific work 6.2% Share information with my patients 2.9% • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 23 / 33
24. Slide 24: Online surveys – Pharmacist Do you use the email to contact or communicate… % Do you use the Internet for professional purpose? % With other healthcare professionals 73% YES 92,9% With your clients 38% NO 7,1% When you have doubts on treatments or diagnoses, Do you recommend to your patients the consult of % do you use any electronic discussion list or look % health information on the Internet? for information on the Internet? 8,4% Frequently 33% Very Frequently - Frequently 40,2% Sometimes 67% Rarely - Never 51,2% Never Do you participate in Internet sites explaining or % clarifying doubts? % Do you have… 26,6% Very Frequently - Frequently 47.5% A collective website 73,4% Rarely - Never 20.5% A personal website Do you participate in Internet sites as an advisor of 15,5% A blog % patients? % What are the main reasons? Very Frequently - Frequently 36% Share information with people 46.7% 64% Rarely - Never Share information with my friends and families 38.0% Share information with my clients 18.8% Spread my own scientific work 9.2% Spread no scientific work 8.7% Discussion about clinical issues related with my 7.4% speciality • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 24 / 33
25. Slide 25: Discussion • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 25 / 33
26. Slide 26: Discussion - Web content analysis The presence in the Internet of the Catalan health care system is led by the professionals who offer mainly different information and contents on health and few applications related to communication processes and/or services. Quality is still a challenge The Network is constituted mainly as a space of contents with little presence of applications of communication and services, therefore with a little degree of interaction. The little presence of the healthcare providers and of the Government (in comparison with the rest of identified agents) added to the little number of applications of communication and services available do not allow the attention or the management of the users demand • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 26 / 33
27. Slide 27: Discussion - Internet users Internet users are characterized by: the high proportion of women, a high education level, facility of access to Internet from its own home, and a high frequency of use. These users of Internet integrate the use of different sources of information in their activities related to the health. But physicians are the key source. Women have a more active role than the men with all the sources, including Internet The problem of the use of the Internet for the people with more age and the consequences that the use of the consulted information can have on the health, since a smaller level of education could suppose an irregular use of the information. The frequency of use of the Internet for questions related to the health is far away from of the levels that would allow us to call to \"the cibercondriacs\". The interest of the individuals by the associations of patients like a source of information remind us the importance of the no expert knowledge, since the utility and the confidence in this source is very high. The main consequence of the use of Internet for questions related to the health is the increase of information available. Just a minority percentage of individuals makes decisions relative to the diagnosis or the treatment of the health problem. These data support the hypothesis of the conscience of the individuals when they manage the inherent tension to the use of Internet. emphasize the need of physicians as an expert. • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 27 / 33
28. Slide 28: Discussion - Patient support groups Internet is used by these organizations like a space of contents that allows then to spread information relative to the organization and the health thematic. The electronic mail is used like unidirectional communication channel producing a little interaction. There are just a very few applications related to interactive processes of communication and a lack of professional working online • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 28 / 33
29. Slide 29: Discussion - Health care professionals Professionals are connected to Internet and make an intensive use of the Net, mainly for questions related to the search and consultation of information. The use of Internet as communication media with other professionals of the sector are extended between all the professionals, but the levels of use of Internet or the electronic mail to communicate or interact with its patients or users is scarce. The increase of the information flows available in Internet has not come accompanied by an increase of the communication flows. However, we have to emphasize a tendency that indicates that those professionals who develop their professional practice in competitive markets make more intensive use of the Internet and the electronic mail to interact with their patients or users. Most of the professionals positively values the relevance of the contents available in the Internet and they do not consider that the patient search of information is negative neither for the professional - patient relationship or for the management the patients make of their disease. However just a minority percentage of professionals recommend to their patients the consultation of health information on the Internet or talk about the Internet. Probably because on the lack of time during their face to face meetings Nevertheless, the behavior of the phamacists shows us a new case where the factors related to the market oriented context are the key. These professionals do not have time barriers and are more accessible that the rest of professionals, given the physical distribution of the pharmacies by the territory. • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 29 / 33
30. Slide 30: Conclusions • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 30 / 33
31. Slide 31: The Internet as a content platform Not as an interaction space The Internet reproduces the social organization of the healthcare system • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 31 / 33
32. Slide 32: http://wisdom.blogs.com/health/2007/06/why_web_20_matt.html • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 32 / 33
33. Slide 33: Thank you for your attention Francisco Lupiáñez-Villanueva flupianez@uoc.edu http://www.ictconsequences.net Lecturer Information and Communication Science Open University of Catalonia http://www.uoc.edu • Health and the Internet: still Web 1.0 - TOWARDS A SOCIAL SCIENCE OF WEB 2.0 33 / 33