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- Slide 1: Managing Partner – Dave Ellis, RD, CSCS dave_ellis@mac.com 719/502/1276 15810 Holbein Drive Colorado Springs, CO 80921 Watch this clip for quick overview: www.appleboost.com/abvideo1 Dave Copeland, Jim Leahy & Dave Ellis ™ www.applebioac+ves.com
- Slide 2: DRIED APPLE PEEL POWDER: Natural, Healthy & Safe • Dried Apple Peel Powder (DAPP™) is a FDA GRAS, value added ingredient opportunity that could make money year‐one for our ingredient customers and prospec+ve global distributors. • There are few doors that a prospec+ve ingredient sales force can’t get in with an naturally rich an+oxidant and fiber that labels as “dried apple peel powder”. • As you will see the health benefits of DAPP™ penetrate every market segment and align with every func+onal food health trend forecast for North America.
- Slide 3: FuncIonal ApplicaIons Of DAPP™ • • As an ingredient, DAPP™ works well in • all food (human and pet) not only adding fiber and an+oxidant, but also natural preserva+ve proper+es. Apple peels as a value‐added food ingredient J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Mar 12;51(6):1676‐83. Links Wolfe KL, Liu RH. hZp://pubs.acs.org/cgi‐bin/abstract.cgi/jafcau/2003/51/i06/abs/jf025916z.html • DAPP™ also works well in viscous or pulpy‐liquid applica+ons, but the fiber will create limita+ons for applica+on in low viscosity beverages. • Currently DAPP™ is being delivered in powder, capsule and for+fied apple sauce with several more applica+ons under development (see www.appleboost.com).
- Slide 4: Whole Food vs. Purified Isolates • DAPP™ is a physically altered whole food (no chemical extrac+on) with all its natural bioac+vity and fiber intact (thus FDA Generally Recognized As Safe status ‐ GRAS). • There is a growing body of evidence that the real health benefits that fruits and vegetables have to offer come from the “addiIve and synergisIc” mixture of phytochemicals present in whole foods vs. using purified isolates or tradi+onal dosing of vitamins and minerals from dietary supplements. Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from addiIve and synergisIc combinaIons of phytochemicals Rui Hai Liu, American Journal of Clinical Nutri+on, Vol. 78, No. 3, 517S‐520S, September 2003 hZp://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/78/3/517S
- Slide 5: Releasing Apples Natural BioacIvity • “Func(onal foods that contain significant amounts of bioac(ve components may provide desirable health benefits beyond basic nutri(on and play important roles in the preven(on of chronic diseases. The key ques(on is whether a purified phytochemical has the same health benefit as does the whole food or mixture of foods in which the phytochemical is present.” Rui Hai Liu – Cornell Food Science • The effects of phytochemicals upon living organism or +ssue like an+‐oxidant, an+‐ inflammatory, an+‐prolifera+ve, an+‐viral and an+‐bacterial proper+es are collec+vely termed “bioac+vity”. There is truly more then meets the eyes with DAPP! • Interes+ngly when DAPP™ is rehydrated it’s very diverse bioac+vity actually exceeds that of fresh apple peel on a wet weight basis due to freeing up some of the conjugated bioac+ve compounds in apple peel that occurs during the Cornell patented processing steps. We just don’t chew apple peel long enough to get a shot at all the bioac+ve contents woven into the fibrous nature of the peel. Mmm, Phytonutrients: New Respect for a Humble Juice By KATY MCLAUGHLIN September 25, 2007; Wall Street Journal hgp://online.wsj.com/ar+cle/SB119067777639238073.html?mod=hps_us_inside_today
- Slide 6: Apple At The Top Of BioacIvity List • Historically apple has come in as one of the most diverse sources of • bioacIvity acIvity of all fruits and vegetables measured. The stress that apple skin endures to protect the fruit is the secret to it diverse bioacIvity and which vary to some degree by culIvar. The ingredient applicaIons for Dried Apple Peel Powder (DAPP™) in the food and supplement industry seem limitless. BioacIve Food Components hZp://www.aseanfood.info/scripts/ count_arIcle.asp?ArIcle_code=11012807 AnIoxidaIve potenIal of flavonoid‐rich extracts as new quality marker for different apple varieIes. Journal of Applied Botany, 2003 (Vol. 77) (No. 5/6) 163‐166 Schirrmacher, G., Schempp, H. Life Science Center Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Gemüsebau, Technische Universität München, Dürnast II, D‐85350 Freising, Germany. hZp://www.cababstractsplus.org/google/abstract.asp?AcNo=20043003996 Anthocyanin RegulaIon in Apple Skin Plant Physiology Preview Dr. Amanda Walker Published on September 29, 2006, as DOI:10.1104/pp.106.088104 hZp://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/rapidpdf/pp.106.088104v1.pdf Polyphenolic Content of New Zealand Grown Heritage Apple ‐ DescripIons of compounds in apples taken from the Hort Research Report to the New Zealand Tree Crops AssociaIon February 2004. hZp://www.treecrops.org.nz/resrch/apple/applecancdat.html#sup1
- Slide 7: Apple BioacIves™ Hold Cornell Patent • Rui Hai Liu's lab at Cornell is one of the top apple bioacIvity labs in the country from which this patent was conceived. “Apple peel powder, methods of making, and uses thereof” USPTO Applica+on #: 20050147723 • Ins=tute of Compara=ve and Environmental Toxicology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853‐7201, USA. AnIoxidant acIvity of apple peels. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Jan 29;51(3):609‐14. Links Wolfe K, Wu X, Liu RH. hZp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v405/n6789/ abs/405903b0.html An apple peel a day might keep cancer at bay, Cornell \"We believe that a recommenda(on that food science study finds ‐ May 30, 2007 consumers to eat five to 12 servings of a wide hgp://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/may07/ variety of fruits and vegetables daily is appropriate to reduce the risks of chronic rn.apple.peels.cancer.sl.html diseases, including cancer, and to meet nutrient requirements for op(mum health,” RuiHai Liu
- Slide 8: Roots In Athle+cs
- Slide 9: Athletes reported Cox‐2 like benefits from using capsules of DAPP. ® ® 27th Year Of Prac+ce Cell 719/502/1276 dave_ellis@mac.com Colorado Springs CO
- Slide 10: Twenty Years In The Collegiate Ranks ’82 -’90 Nebraska ’90 -’94 Wisconsin ’94 -’01 Nebraska
- Slide 11: 2001 Ellis Started Private PRO Practice: • NFL, MLB, NBA, NHL • NASCAR • Pro Golf & Tennis COLLEGE PROGRAMS OLYMPIC NGB’S TRAINING CENTERS AGENTS SPECIAL FORCES
- Slide 12: “We knew early in Dave's career that he could help us sell athletes on the value of nutrition. He has endless curiosity in this area. Dave was a big part of our three national championship teams.” —U.S. Congressman Tom Osborne (Neb.); Head Football Coach (1973–97) at the University of Neb. Current AD Neb.
- Slide 13: MLB Pitchers First Reported Benefits Of DAPP™ • Ellis…”MLB Pitchers I work with first reported non‐steroidal anI‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) like benefits from consuming DAPP™ back in 2007. This certainly peaked my interest knowing how many people are looking for natural alterna+ves to NSAIDs.” • NSAIDs alleviate pain by counterac+ng the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme at the site of +ssue injury. On its own COX enzyme synthesizes prostaglandins, creaIng inflammaIon. Tradi+onal NSAIDs inhibited both isoforms of the enzyme cyclooxygenase responsible for the first step in the conversion of arachidonic acid into a variety of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes throughout the body. Some common examples of NSAIDs are: ibuprofen, diclofenac and naproxen. The newer specific COX‐inhibitors although probably sharing a similar mode of ac+on are not classified together with the tradi+onal NSAIDs like Celebrex and Mobic. • Yet these medica+ons may be associated with 103,000 hospitaliza+ons and 16,500 deaths per year in the United States as the result of gastrointes+nal adverse events, such as bleeding. Studies indicate that other an+‐ inflammatories, coxibs, as well as NSAIDs, may pose a risk for blood clots leading to heart agack and/or stroke. As physicians and pa+ents weight the benefits and risks, an ongoing study may help provide some answers. • Conges(ve Heart Failure—University of Kentucky hLp://www.newswise.com/ar(cles/view/541882/?sc=dwhn
- Slide 14: Emerging COX Enzymes Story For DAPP Chlorogenic Acids (5‐caffeoylquinic acid) & Triterpinoid (2‐hydroxyursolic acid) Triterpenoids isolated from apple peels have potent anIproliferaIve acIvity and may be parIally responsible for apple's anIcancer acIvity. He X, Liu RH.J Agric Food Chem. 2007 May 30;55(11):4366‐70. Epub 2007 May 8. hZp://pubs.acs.org/cgi‐bin/abstract.cgi/jafcau/2007/55/i11/abs/jf063563o.html
- Slide 15: InflammaIon (COX‐2) & Oncogenic Pathways • Growing evidence indicates that inflamma+on is a contribu+ng factor leading to cancer development. The link between NF‐kB and Cox‐2 and Cancer..... • Our data demonstrate that IL‐1B up‐regulates func+onal HIF‐1a protein through a classical inflammatory signaling pathway involving NFkB and COX‐2, culmina+ng in up‐ regula+on of VEGF, a potent angiogenic factor required for tumor growth and metastasis. • Thus, HIF‐1 is iden+fied as a pivotal transcrip+on factor linking the inflammatory and oncogenic pathways. • hgp://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/abstract/03‐0329vev1
- Slide 16: A U.S. Olympic Trial as American as Apple…Peels • An apple peel powdering process developed at Cornell University to for+fy foods has made its first appearance in the Olympics Games. Six thousand 32‐gram tubes of “Applebooster “, an organic applesauce for+fied with dried apple peel powder (DAPP™) to add fiber and increase an+oxidants, was distributed to the approximately 750 U.S. Olympic athletes and 250 coaches as they boarded their flights to China earlier this month. • —Appleboost Products, Inc. • hgp://www.newswise.com/ar+cles/view/543473/?sc=rssn
- Slide 17: DAPP™ & High Stress PopulaIons “As a food focused sports die==an I am very cau=ous about geSng behind any ingredient or dietary supplement, but natural func=onal foods like DAPP™ are something posi=ve that health professionals can stand behind. With Americans geSng about half the daily requirements of fiber, fruits and vegetables, I am op=mis=c that DAPP for=fied products can have a posi=ve influence on the health of the athletes I work with.” Dave Ellis, RD, CSCS Too much fast food and too liZle exercise can harm the liver, reveals a small study published ahead of print in the journal Gut. Gut‐‐Bri+sh Medical Journal hZp://www.newswise.com/arIcles/view/537710/?sc=dwtp Food selecIon based on total anIoxidant capacity can modify anIoxidant intake, systemic inflammaIon, and liver funcIon without altering markers of oxidaIve stress Silvia Valtuena, Nicolega Pellegrini, Laura Franzini, Marta A Bianchi, Diego Ardigo, Daniele Del Rio, Pier Marco Piax, Francesca Scazzina, Ivana Zavaroni, and Furio Brighen+Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87 1290‐1297 hZp://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/87/5/1290?etoc
- Slide 18: Health Benefits Of Apples & Consumer Confidence The health benefits of Apple (peel or pomace) that appear in research literature and the popular press are hard to keep up with. The recognized health benefits from this summary arIcle in 2004 have easily doubled with the boom of interest in funcIonal foods. Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits Jeanelle Boyer1 and Rui Hai Liu 11 Department of Food Science and Ins+tute of Compara+ve and Environmental Toxicology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853‐7201 USA Nutr J. 2004; 3: 5. hZp://www.nutriIonj.com/content/3/1/5#B17 What do consumers want… \"Ul(mately, individuals want to be able to connect their food with the ingredients in it, its nutrients and the health benefits claimed. To make this link, consumers oTen construct 'ingredient narra(ves', or simple stories about a product's characteris(cs to determine how it derives its func(onality\" Hartman Group 1/18/08 hgp://nutraingredients‐usa.com/news/ng.asp?id=82653
- Slide 19: Research Focus
- Slide 20: Science Advisor – Guy Johnson PhD Guy H. Johnson, Ph.D., Principal Johnson NutriIonal SoluIons (JNS) www.nutriIonsoluIons.net Johnson Nutri+on Solu+ons was founded in 2000, azer Guy had spent over 30 years in progressively responsible food industry nutri+on posi+ons. In the years since its founding, Johnson Nutri+on Solu+ons has provided consul+ng to over 50 clients including the food and beverage industry and food‐related trade & commodity organiza+ons. ‘06 Guy assumed the posi+on of • Kellogg’s Execu+ve Director of the McCormick Science Ins+tute on a • Gerber half‐+me basis. The purpose of • Pillsbury this new Ins+tute is to advance • McCormick Spices scien+fic knowledge on the health benefits of culinary spices and herbs.
- Slide 21: Science Advisor – Suzanne Dixon, MPH, MS, RD • Author, speaker, and internaIonally recognized expert in chronic disease prevenIon, epidemiology, and nutriIon, has taught medical, nursing, public health, and alternaIve medicine coursework. • Suzanne has delivered over 150 invited lectures to health professionals and consumers and is the creator of CancerNutriIonInfo.com, a website acclaimed by the New York Times and Time magazine. • Suzanne received her training in epidemiology and nutriIon at the University of Michigan, School of Public In 2005, Suzanne’s website was picked by Time Magazine: 50 Coolest Websites Health at Ann Arbor. 2005: Lifestyle, Health and Hobbies hgp://www.+me.com/+me/business/ar+cle/ 0,8599,1073326,00.html
- Slide 22: DAPP™ AnalyIcal • So there is much about DAPP™ that we need analyzed before scaling up marke+ng behind the ingredient side of the business via Apple Bioac+ves™ Inc. • There are approximately 6,000 different phenolic compounds in plant species worldwide. The compounds most commonly found in apple peels consist of the procyanidins, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, phloridzin, and the querce+n conjugates. Profiling Promising Plant Compounds: • Currently Apple Bioac+ves™ is working with Ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis), infra‐red (IR), near infra‐red (NIR) and mass spectrometry (MS) ChromaDex complete spectral analysis Organic and Red 100 mesh DAPP™.
- Slide 23: DAPP™ AnalyIcal Targets
- Slide 24: DAPP™ AnalyIcal Targets
- Slide 25: Metabolic, Environmental, Emo+onal Sources of Stress & DNA Damage
- Slide 26: Dietary PaZerns Best AnIoxidant / AnI‐inflammatory Defense An intriguing filed of study is the geneIc suscepIbility that certain dietary paZerns create for triggering inflammaIon and disease. Most certainly one dietary paZern is not going to fit everyone with regards to minimizing a gene’s detrimental effects. However, mega‐dosing individual nutrients or bioacIve compounds has consistently show to cause as many problems as it solves. Dietary PaZerns and Risk of Mortality From Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and All Causes in a ProspecIve Cohort of Women hZp://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/118/3/230 Fruit and vegetable intakes, dietary anIoxidant nutrients, and total mortality in Spanish adults hZp://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/85/6/1634 Apples could cut childhood asthma, study finds: hZp://www.NutraIngredients.com/news/ng.asp?n=79802&m=1NIE917&c=ixrgnuzqtetwvdv
- Slide 27: AnIoxidants & InflammaIon We are only in the very early stages of understanding the metabolic fate of bioacIve compounds that exert anIoxidant properIes in funcIonal foods and how they can impact different aspects of immunity (for beZer or worse). • Evidence suggests that cell‐mediated immunity is inImately Ied to cellular redox status. While oxidaIve stress leads to cellular dysfuncIon and death, reacIve oxygen species (ROS) appear to be required as signaling factors in T cell acIvaIon and proliferaIon. • Total phenolics were as follows: white tea> C> pomegranate> blueberry> E>> broccoli> wasabi. Higher an+oxidant potency was associated with decreased prolifera+on, suppor+ng the no+on that some oxida+on is required for prolifera+on. Conversely, lower concentra+ons of each an+oxidant produced modest increases in prolifera+on. • There appears to be a high and low concentraIon of each anIoxidant that inhibits and sImulates T cell funcIon, respecIvely. Further invesIgaIon could disInguish between prevenIve (immune boosIng) and pharmacologic (immune inhibiIng) doses for the clinical applicaIons of anIoxidant therapy. hZp://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/meeIng_abstract/20/4/A429‐b? maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=ritz&fulltext=anIoxidant&andorexaczulltext=and&searchid=1&F IRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT
- Slide 28: ScienIsts Suspect Omega‐3 FaZy Acids Could Slow Acute Wound Healing If you track the research on inflammaIon and immunity you quickly learn not to put all your cards on one compound like we have seen in the past with Beta‐Carotene and more recently with QuerceIn and Omega‐3 faZy acids. There is wisdom in food form delivery and diversity of bioacIvity. A recent study shows that popular fish oil supplements have an effect on the healing process of small, acute wounds in human skin. But whether that effect is detrimental, as researchers ini+ally suspected, remains a mystery. The omega‐3 fagy acids found in fish oils are widely considered to benefit cardiovascular health and other diseases related to chronic inflamma+on because of their an+‐ inflammatory proper+es. But insufficient inflamma+on during the ini+al stage of wound healing may delay the advancement of later stages……Wound Repair and Regenera+onOhio State University hgp://www.newswise.com/ar+cles/view/542884/?sc=dwhn Food beger than supplements for omega‐3, says The American Diete+c Associa+on (ADA) … hgp://www.foodproduc+ondaily.com/news/ng.asp?n=86708&c=jzUwkG%2B8zgm0zfmBWnznuw%3D%3D
- Slide 29: 2160 ug/100 g 37,000 ORAC score puts DAPP™ at the top of fruit an+oxidant sources ….2160 ug/100 g Free Form Querce+n • Apples have the highest por+on of free phenolics (like querce+n) when compared to other fruits which is why they scores so well as a whole fruit on the ORAC/ An+oxidant Values, while only containing about 6‐13 mg of Vitamin C. • Depending upon variety, apple peels contain anywhere from two to six +mes more phenolic, flavonoids and an+oxidant ac+vity compared to the flesh of apples. • Querce+n certainly contributes the very diverse an+oxidant ac+vity of DAPP™, but only in part. DAPP’s an+oxidant‐bioac+vity story is being unraveled as we speak with the help of some very sophis+cated analy+cal work.
- Slide 30: • If you see \"querce+n\" in scien+fic literatures, it usually means \"free form querce+n” (unhydrolized) vs. querce+n conjugates possibly bound to saccharides (8 querce+n conjugates we know of in apple skin). • Some very aggressive work is being done on delivering high concentra+ons of free form querce+n extracts to athletes primarily targeted and immune outcomes. Querce+n – MW 302.236 g/mol • While the whole story is not out on the metabolic fate of low molecular weight (free form) vs. high molecular weight (conjugates) bioac+ve compounds , QuerceIn Reduces Illness but Not Immune PerturbaIons a|er Intensive Exercise we do know they all add up. Some act fast (low MW) Med Sci in Sports Ex ‐ David Nieman and most likely have impact in plasma and some hZp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17805089 slower (high MW) most likely exert greater health QuerceIns Influence On Exercise‐Induced benefits in the GI tract (gut health). Some are more Changes In Plasma Cytokines And Muscle ac+ve in lipid vs. water soluble +ssues. and Leukocyte Cytokine mRNA J. Appl. Physiol. 2007 0: 00707.2007v1‐ D. C. Nieman • In the end a natural mix is a good thing as too much h^p://jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/00707.2007v1 of a good thing (lots of low MW extracts) can actually become a pro‐oxidant, possibly slowing wound healing.
- Slide 31: DAPP™ AnIoxidant / ORAC Ranking • ORAC analysis provides a measure of the scavenging capacity of an+oxidants against the peroxyl radical (ROO•), which is one of the most common reac+ve oxygen species (ROS) found in the body. – Note: Chlorogenic acid has very high alkyl peroxyl radical scavenging ac+vity. Compared to about 18 other an+oxidant compounds (including querce+n, gallic acid, α‐tocopherol), chlorogenic was second only to ru+n. • ORACtotal is the sum of ORAChydro and ORAClipo. ‐ Trolox, a water‐soluble Vitamin E analog (trolox equivalent (TE). – ORAChydro reflects water‐soluble an+oxidant capacity (DAPP 94% hydro) . – ORAClipo is the lipid soluble an+oxidant capacity (DAPP 6% lipo). • The highest scoring ORAC apple (Red Delicious) came in at 78 per gram (wet weight, skin and flesh). • Natural Red DAPP scores on 370 ORAC per gram ORAC (dry wt). One apple’s worth of DAPP (1.44 g) yields an ORAC score of 533! Even when you correct or moisture, regular apple skin doesn’t come close. The Cornell patented processing is key in freeing up apple peel’s bioac+vity.
- Slide 32: Plasma ORAC Of RACC For DAPP™ • DAPP’s Recommended Amount Commonly Consumed (RACC) is 1.44 g which is the dried equivalent of the amount of apple skin that comes off of one medium apple. • Consuming 1.44 g of DAPP™ results in a plasma ORAC value of ….(work in progress) • Consuming three apples a day worth of DAPP™ (4.32 g) results in a plasma ORAC value of….(work in progress) • Toxicology work behind all feed rates….(work in progress)
- Slide 33: InflammaIon Many of the health benefit aZributed to DAPP™ are potenIally the result of blunIng the expression of \"inflammatory mediated diseases”. Serum C‐ReacIve Protein ConcentraIons Are Inversely Associated with Dietary Flavonoid Intake in U.S. Adults Ock Kyoung Chun, Sang‐Jin Chung, Kate J. Claycombe, and Won O. Song J. Nutr. 2008;138 753‐760 hZp://jn.nutriIon.org/cgi/content/abstract/138/4/753?etoc
- Slide 34: DAPP™ & Allergens DAPP™ is safe for those with allergies…as you will see has anI‐ inflammatory properIes. Allergen Chart I II III Food and/or derivatives Product Line Plant Peanuts (incl. Proteins, oil, mandelonas, etc.) No No No Tree Nuts (almonds, brazil, pine, etc.) No No No Sesame seeds No No No Milk & Dairy products No No No Eggs No No No Fish, Shellfish, Crustaceans No No No Soy products No No No Wheat productsª (flour, starches, brands, etc.) No No Yes Corn Products No No Yes Sulphites No No Yes Monosodium Glutamate No No No Animal Fat & Oils No No No ªGrains containing gluten: Wheat, barley, rye, oats, spelt, kamut, triticale
- Slide 35: Mechanisms of AnI‐inflammatory / Immune Support Anti-Inflammatory Properties Adaptive Immunity Innate Immunity Cell-Based Antioxidant Lymphocyte Natural Killer Protection in (white blood cell) Red Blood Cell Activation Proliferation Cells Cox-2 Expression Vs. Enzyme Monocyte Activity Activation of Cytokine Phagocytic Lymphocyte Production Activity Th1: IL-2IFNg & TNFª Mitochondria Subset T & B Th2: IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 Function In Absence vs. Presence of Oxidative Stress Formation of Reactive Protecting Viability Oxygen& Nitrogen of Species (ROS-RON) Healthy Cells Under Oxidative Stress www.nislabs.com/services.htm
- Slide 36: In Vitro Lab Work On DAPP™ • While our plasma ORAC and toxicology studies are pending, our ini+al in vitro inves+ga+ons (April '08) to determine the biological value of DAPP™ was performed with Natural Immune Systems Labs Inc. (NIS Labs) which illustrated three significant outcomes: • 1) The ability of DAPP™ in saline to penetrate lipid bi‐layer cell membrane (human erythrocytes / RBC) illustra+ng \"substan+al protec+on of the cells\" or the ability to exhibit direct an+oxidant effect. The methodology ruled out that querce+n was the sole source direct RBC an+oxidant effect. • Note: Erythrocyte an+oxidant enzymes ‐ catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase.
- Slide 37: In Vitro Lab Work On DAPP™ • 2) Using Polymorph Nucleated Granulocytes (white blood cells ‐ PMN's) cons+tute approximately 70% of the white blood cells in humans. PMN produce high amounts of ROS upon certain inflammatory s+muli and are released from the bone marrow by the regulatory complement proteins. In the presence of an oxida+ve s+mulus to PMN’s, DAPP™ “may provide support of this aspect of innate immune defense mechanism. We would expect a predominantly an+‐inflammatory effects of DAPP™ in vivo.”
- Slide 38: In Vitro Lab Work On DAPP • 3) PMN's are a highly ac+ve and migratory cell type. Using bacterial pep+de f‐Met‐Leu‐Phe, IL‐8 and Leukotriene B4, DAPP \"inhibited the PMN migra+on,\" but sta+s+cal significance was only see at the highest doses of 20 g/L. NIS DAPP™ Conclusions: • DAPP contains an+oxidant compounds available to enter and protect live cells from oxida+ve damage in vitro. • DAPP contains compounds capable of providing complex signaling of PMN cells, and can inhibit PMN cell migra+on in response to inflammatory mediators. Future Vitro Research PrioriIes: • Cox‐2 and lipoxygenase inhibi+on by DAPP™. • Mitochondrial protec+on by DAPP™. • Lymphocyte prolifera+on in the presence of DAPP™. • An+bacterial ac+ons of DAPP™.
- Slide 39: Cancer & AnIoxidants • Some of the most recent research shows that cells prone to becoming cancerous have the ability to rapidly accumulate reac+ve oxygen species (ROS) as a result of some breakdowns at the gene+c level that allow a cell to naturally repair, survive or terminate. • When a cell is damaged in a way that causes genotoxic stress (DNA damage) the ability to self regulate cell cycle arrest (repair and survival) and apoptosis (death of a damaged or old cell) is compromised and can lead to unregulated cell prolifera+on and ROS expression. • Gexng to the root of the problem with replacement of damaged genes (like Sestrin1 & 2 genes) that keep p53 and mTOR ac+vity in check is the focus of cancer research, but slowing the progression and damage of cancerous +ssue with bioac+ve compounds that exhibit an+‐prolifera+ve and an+oxidant ac+vity is certainly a good counter measure, especially if it’s an interven+on that metabolically doesn’t cause a bigger problem in the process. Cell, 8‐Aug‐2008—University of California, San Diego hLp://www.newswise.com/ar(cles/view/543212/?sc=dwhn
- Slide 40: Cancer The original Cornell patent was performed using vitro and animal anI‐proliferaIve cancer work which conInues to grow. • “We found that tumor incidence was reduced by 17, 39 and 44 percent in rats fed the human equivalent of one, three or six apples a day, respectively, over 24 weeks,” Rui Hai Liu, Cornell Food Science Triterpenoids are the focal funcIonal ingredient here, but there is also some evidence that apple polyphenols suppress tumors via a different mechanism. Triterpenoids isolated from apple peels have potent anIproliferaIve acIvity and may be parIally responsible for apple's anIcancer acIvity. He X, Liu RH.J Agric Food Chem. 2007 May 30;55(11): 4366‐70. Epub 2007 May 8. hZp://pubs.acs.org/cgi‐bin/abstract.cgi/jafcau/2007/55/i11/abs/jf063563o.html Annurca Apple Polyphenols Have Potent DemethylaIng AcIvity and Can ReacIvate Silenced Tumor Suppressor Genes in Colorectal Cancer Cells Lucia Fini, Michael Selgrad, Vincenzo Fogliano, Giulia Graziani, Marco Romano, Erin Hotchkiss, Yahya A. Daoud, Edward B. De Vol, C. Richard Boland, and Luigi Ricciardiello J. Nutr. 2007;137 2622‐2628 hZp://jn.nutriIon.org/cgi/content/abstract/137/12/2622?etoc BioacIve Food Components that Enhance {gamma}{delta} T Cell FuncIon May (Apple Tannins) Play a Role in Cancer PrevenIon Susan S. Percival, Jack F. Bukowski, and John Milner J. Nutr. 2008;138 1‐4 hgp://jn.nutri+on.org/cgi/content/abstract/138/1/1?etoc
- Slide 41: Orthopedic Another DAPP™ specific mechanism for cancer and cardiovascular disease might fall with the Cox‐2 inhibiIon that has recently been idenIfied in Chlorogenic Acid and 2‐ hydroxyursolic acid (triterpinoid) which also explains what we have been told by athletes is helping them cope with orthopedic inflammaIon. COX‐2 Expression is Marker for Cancer Development in Some Benign Breast Biopsies. The research team discovered that women whose atypia +ssue expressed COX‐2 enzymes were more likely to develop breast cancer subsequently, and that the more the enzyme expressed, the higher the risk. (Embargo expired on 11‐Mar‐2008 at 16:00 ET)J. of the Na+onal Cancer Ins+tute, 11‐Mar‐2008‐‐Mayo Clinic hgp://www.newswise.com/ar+cles/view/538492/?sc=dwtp PotenIal Effects of Chlorogenic Acid / 5‐Caffeylquinic Acid On Suppressing P‐SelecIn & Cox‐1‐2 Expression Platelet ac+va+on can be greatly agenuated by compound inhibi+ng Cox enzymes and /or modula+ng cAMP produc+on. Inhibited Cox‐1 & 2 enzymes by 63% and inhibited P‐selec+n expression on platelets by 33% which is promising as an interven+on for inflammatory mediated diseases. 2008 Experimental Biology Abstract #460.1 Apple polyphenol extracts (APE) prevent aspirin‐induced damage to the rat gastric mucosa Aspirin up‐regulated mRNA and protein expression of COX‐2 and HB‐EGF, but not of TGFα; APE reduced aspirin‐induced mRNA and protein over‐expression of COX‐2 and HB‐EGF; aspirin significantly increased gastric MDA and this effect was counteracted by APE pre‐treatment. h^p://journals.cambridge.org/ac=on/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1880164
- Slide 42: Regulatory
- Slide 43: DAPP™ Is FDA GRAS Status • Because DAPP™ is a whole food that has only been physically altered (vs. chemically extracted) DAPP™ is automa+cally FDA GRAS status. • However we are not cuxng any corners to help ensure the safety of DAPP™ as part of the food supply we have retained the highly regarded experts at Cantox to help develop a “Safety Opinion” and “Legal Opinion” Dr. Munro is Cantox Execu+ve Dr. McGirr, is the Associate on DAPP™. Vice President and Senior Director of the Cantox Food & Scien+fic Consultant. Dr. Nutri+on Group. With over 15 Munro is an interna+onally years experience in the field recognized authority on of biochemical toxicology he • Cantox is also guiding in our toxicology and has more than 30 of years experience dealing has developed an extensive prac+ce dealing with toxicology work to ensure safe ranges with complex regulatory interna+onal regulatory issues of daily consump+ons of DAPP™. issues related to product related to the safety of major safety and risk assessment. food materials
- Slide 44: DAPP™ FDA Claims: FIBER Nutritional Information / 100g • DAPP™ is a naturally “good source” Energy: 390 cal of fiber Protein: 5.45 g – 47.2% by weight Total Fat: 2.63 g Saturated Fat: 0.50 g – 35.2% Insoluble Trans Fatty Acid: 0.024 g – 12.1% Soluble Cholesterol: 1 mg Carbohydrate: 86.2 g Fiber: 47.2 g Soluble Fiber: 12.07 g • A 5.4 g daily feed rate on DAPP™ = Insoluble Fiber: 35.2 g 10% RDI for Fiber (2.5 g) Total Sugar: 24.76 g Glucose: 5.40 g Fructose: 11.80 g Lactose: 0.00 g • At a “good source of fiber” feed Sucrose: Maltose: 7.56 g 0.00 g rate, 5.4 g of DAPP™ yield an ORAC Calcium: 130 mg score of 1863! Iron: 3.2 mg Sodium: 0 mg Vitamin A: 466 IU Vitamin C: 167 mg • “Dried apple peel powder is Total Polyphenol 4100 mg GAE (min) considered a \"Good Source\" of 4500 mg GAE (max) ORAC 32 000 µmoleTE/100g (min) dietary fiber which helps maintain 37 000 µmoleTE/100g (max) bowel regularity.”
- Slide 45: DAPP™ FDA Claims: ANTIOXIDANTS Nutritional Information / 100g • DAPP™ is a naturally “good Energy: Protein: 390 cal 5.45 g source” of an+oxidants Total Fat: 2.63 g Saturated Fat: 0.50 g Trans Fatty Acid: 0.024 g • A 3.6 g daily feed rate of DAPP™ Cholesterol: 1 mg Carbohydrate: 86.2 g = 10% RDI for Vit. C (6 mg) Fiber: 47.2 g Soluble Fiber: 12.07 g Insoluble Fiber: 35.2 g Total Sugar: 24.76 g • At a “good source of Glucose: Fructose: 5.40 g 11.80 g an+oxidants” feed rate, 3.6 g of Lactose: 0.00 g DAPP™ yield an ORAC score of Sucrose: 7.56 g Maltose: 0.00 g 1242! Calcium: 130 mg Iron: 3.2 mg Sodium: 0 mg Vitamin A: 466 IU • ”A natural sources of Vitamin C: Total Polyphenol 167 mg 4100 mg GAE (min) anIoxidants like dried apple ORAC 4500 mg GAE (max) 32 000 µmoleTE/100g (min) peel powder help maintain cell 37 000 µmoleTE/100g (max) integrity.\"
- Slide 46: DAPP™ FDA Claims: CANCER Nutritional Information / 100g • \"The food shall meet, without for+fica+on, the nutrient content requirements of §101.54 for a Energy: 390 cal “good source” of at least one of the following: Protein: 5.45 g vitamin A, vitamin C, or dietary fiber.” Total Fat: 2.63 g Saturated Fat: 0.50 g Trans Fatty Acid: 0.024 g • Apples, and especially apple peels, have been Cholesterol: 1 mg found to have a potent an+oxidant ac+vity and Carbohydrate: 86.2 g can greatly inhibit the growth of liver cancer and Fiber: 47.2 g colon cancer cells…. “We found that tumor Soluble Fiber: 12.07 g incidence was reduced by 17, 39 and 44 percent Insoluble Fiber: 35.2 g in rats fed the human equivalent of one, three Total Sugar: 24.76 g or six apples a day, respec=vely, over 24 Glucose: 5.40 g weeks,” RuiHai Liu, Cornell Food Science. Fructose: 11.80 g Lactose: 0.00 g Sucrose: Maltose: 7.56 g 0.00 g • “Some scienIfic evidence Calcium: 130 mg suggests that consumpIon of Iron: Sodium: 3.2 mg 0 mg anIoxidant vitamins may Vitamin A: Vitamin C: 466 IU 167 mg reduce the risk of certain forms Total Polyphenol 4100 mg GAE (min) of cancer. However, FDA has ORAC 4500 mg GAE (max) 32 000 µmoleTE/100g (min) determined that this evidence 37 000 µmoleTE/100g (max) is limited and not conclusive.\"
- Slide 47: Emerging Science
- Slide 48: DAPP™ Could Help Diminish Byproducts Of Cooking • Spices like rosemary can be used as a cancer preven+on Agent by applying it to Hamburgers or in marinades say researchers at Kansas State University. • Carcinogenic compounds known as HCAs (heterocyclic amines), the presence of HCAs is a poten+al problem in cooked beef. The likelihood of their presence is influenced by cooking +me and temperature. Previous studies showed that meat products cooked below 352 degrees Fahrenheit for less than four minutes had low or undetectable levels of HCAs. The HCAs would increase as temperature and cooking +me increased. hgp://www.newswise.com/ar+cles/view/540969/?sc=dwht • Acrylamide is a by‐product of frying, roas+ng and baking foods that contain certain amino acids and in 2002, Swedish scien+st discovered high levels of cancer‐causing acrylamide in fried potatoes products. Enzymes that can turn asparagine into aspar+c acid, which prevents acrylamide forma+on in the Mailard reac+on (browning process). hgp://www.foodnavigator‐usa.com/Financial‐Industry/Chip‐companies‐segle‐acrylamide‐lawsuit/?c=jzUwkG%2B8zglTak5kfvuERg%3D%3D
- Slide 49: DAPP™ Can Play Natural PreservaIve Role • Fruits like dried apple and plum puree offer natural an+oxidant alterna+ves to synthe+c preserva+ves for processed meats. • “Overall, pork sausage with three percent dried apple and plum puree was acceptable to consumers as the control or those paxes with BHA/BHT,” wrote researchers. • “Inclusion of three percent dried apple and plum puree was effec+ve as a natural an+oxidant for suppressing lipid oxida+on in precooked pork sausage paxes,” they concluded. • Journal of Food Science, June 2008, Volume 73, Issue 5, Page H63‐H71, doi: 10.1111/j. 1750‐3841.2008.00744.x\"An(oxidant Proper(es of Dried Plum Ingredients in Raw and Precooked Pork Sausage\" Authors: M.T. Nunez de Gonzalez, R.M. Boleman, R.K. Miller, J.T. Keeton, and K.S. Rhee • hgp://www.nutraingredients.com/news/ng.asp?n=86149&c=jzUwkG %2B8zgmvT5cEYfuUg%3D%3D
- Slide 50: Fibers Due to the bioacIvity in DAPP™, the fiber co‐steam will have some value added benefits like that seen flavonoid rich foods. DAPP™ soluble fiber fracIons (pecIn) also add up and can be enhanced the grinding of DAPP’s insoluble fibers during processing to 100 mesh or smaller. Nutritional Information / 100g Dietary Flavonoids & Colorectal Adenoma Recurrence in the Polyp PrevenIon Trial Energy: 390 cal Protein: 5.45 g Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Preven+on, 1 June ‘08, Vol 17, p. 1344‐1353 Total Fat: 2.63 g Saturated Fat: 0.50 g G. Bode, h^p://www.foodproduc=ondaily.com/news/ng.asp?n=85959&c=jzUwkG%2B8zgkJw9osK3crfw%3D%3D Trans Fatty Acid: 0.024 g Cholesterol: 1 mg Carbohydrate: 86.2 g Histone‐deacetylase inhibiIon and butyrate formaIon: Fecal slurry incubaIons with Fiber: Soluble Fiber: 47.2 g 12.07 g apple pecIn and apple juice extracts Insoluble Fiber: 35.2 g Total Sugar: 24.76 g Nutri+on: April 2008, 366‐374, doi:10.1016/j.nut.2007.12.013, Markus Waldecker Glucose: 5.40 g Fructose: 11.80 g hgp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Lactose: 0.00 g 18262392ordinalpos=7&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Sucrose: 7.56 g Maltose: 0.00 g Calcium: 130 mg ParIcle Size ReducIon EffecIvely Enhances the IntesInal Health‐PromoIon Iron: 3.2 mg Sodium: 0 mg Ability of an Orange Insoluble Fiber in Hamsters Vitamin A: 466 IU Vitamin C: 167 mg Journal of Food Science Volume 72, Number 8, Pages Total Polyphenol 4100 mg GAE (min) S.‐C. Wu, P.‐J. Chien, M.‐H. Lee, C.‐F. Chau hgp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17995629 4500 mg GAE (max) ORAC 32 000 µmoleTE/100g (min) 37 000 µmoleTE/100g (max) Lampi Natural Sources of Plant Sterols: Journal of Food Composi=on and Analysis “ Many vegetables, fruits and berries have substan=ally high sterol contents on a dry weight basis. However, they are only moderately important sources of sterols on a fresh weight basis. Best sources of plant sterols were raspberry, lingonberry, grapes, apple.” Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2000, Pages 619‐624V. Piironen, J. Toivo and A. ‐M.
- Slide 51: Gut Health The bioacIvity of DAPP™ along with the soluble fibers / hydrocolloids will make it a value added ingredient with a number of products targeted at protecIng the integrity of the micro‐flora and epithelial barrier of the GI tract . PecIn: Health ingredient of the future? IMR Interna+onal's Hydrocolloids Conference, April ‐ San Francisco, CA, the rise in health and wellness is crea+ng opportuni+es for hydrocolloids in general and pec+n in par+cular due to the science indica+ng a poten+al prebio+c effect, an important fiber content, and poten+al cardiovascular benefits by lowering LDL cholesterol. Examples of companies that have successfully developed the market for soluble fiber and diges+ve health, for example. These include Danisco with its Litesse polydextrose, Beneo‐Orazi with Beneo inulin, CNI with Fibregum acacia gum, Taiyo with SunFiberGum par+ally hydrolyzed guar gum, and Na+onal Starch with H‐Maize resistant starch. hZp://www.foodnavigator.com/news/ng.asp?n=85945&c=jzUwkG%2B8zgk2EAzDWjoGKA%3D%3D QuerceIn Enhances Epithelial Barrier FuncIon & Increases Claudin‐4 Expression in Caco‐2 Cells Maren Amasheh, Susanne Schlichter, Salah Amasheh, Joachim Mankertz, Mar+n Zeitz, Michael Fromm, and Jorg D. SchulzkeJ. Nutr. 2008;138 1067‐107 hgp://jn.nutri+on.org/cgi/content/abstract/138/6/1067?etoc Fruit fiber from grapes beat other fibers (grain derived) for heart benefits: study Nutri(on (Elsevier) Published online ahead of print 15 May 2008, doi: \"Effects of grape an(oxidant dietary fiber in Cardiovascular disease risk factors\" Authors: J. Perez Jimenez, J. Serrano, M. Tabernero, S. Arranz, M.E. Diaz‐Rubio, L. Garcia‐Diz, I. hgp://www.foodnavigator.com/news/ng.asp?n=85343&c=jzUwkG%2B8zglWKZqO2ADoug%3D%3D
- Slide 52: Diabetes Metabolic syndrome and diabetes are both posiIvely impacted by flavonoids and fibers in DAPP™ which is key in prevenIon of CVD. Highly Methoxylated Pec=n Improves Insulin Resistance and Other Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Zucker Fa^y Rats, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry2008, Volume 56, Issue 10, Pages 3574‐3581D. Sanchez hLp://www.nutraingredients.com/news/ng.asp?n=85862&c=jzUwkG%2B8zgnkx7Gun %2BLY%2BQ%3D%3D Adults who eat apples, drink apple juice, have lower risk for metabolic syndrome hZp://www.newswise.com/arIcles/view/539476/?sc=dwhn Flavonoid intake and risk of chronic diseases. Knekt P, Kumpulainen J, Jarvinen R, Rissanen H, Heliovaara M, Reunanen A, Hakulinen T, Aromaa A: Am J Clin Nutr 76 :560 –568,2002 hZp://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/76/3/560ijkey=52ccf8‚77975255f1bcf898791a9c2d483b83bb Advanced GlycaIon and LipoxidaIon End Products‐Amplifiers of InflammaIon: The Role of Food Bengmark, S. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: p. 430‐440 hZp://pen.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/31/5/430?ct
- Slide 53: Heart Disease The cardiovascular/endothelial benefits of DAPP™ are coming from several of the bioacIve components including QuerciIn, Chlorogenic Acid and the total anIoxidant acIvity of DAPP™. There is a growing raIonale for using funcIonal foods like DAPP™ before a meal to blunt the postprandial inflammatory response of eaIng fast food along with reducIons in platelet aggregaIon and LDL oxidaIon. A high‐fat meal induces low‐grade endotoxemia: evidence of a novel mechanism of postprandial inflammaIon CleZ Erridge, Teresa Aƒna, Corinne M SpickeZ, and David J Webb Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86 1286‐1292 hZp://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/86/5/1286?etoc Plasma AnIoxidant Capacity Changes Following a Meal as a Measure of the Ability of a Food to Alter In Vivo AnIoxidant Status Journal of the American College of NutriIon Volume 26, Number 2, Pages 170‐181Authors: R.L. Prior, L. Gu, X. Wu, R.A. Jacob, G. Sotoudeh, A.A. Kader, R.A. Cook hZp://foodnavigator.com/news/ng.asp?id=81802hZp://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/abstract/26/2/170 Dietary Strategies for Improving Post‐Prandial Glucose, Lipids, InflammaIon, and Cardiovascular Health James H. O’Keefe, MD*, Neil M. Gheewala, MS and Joan O. O’Keefe, RDMid America Heart InsItute and University of Missouri–Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2008; 51:249‐255, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.016 hZp://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/abstract/51/3/249?ct Dietary Flavonoids DifferenIally Reduce Oxidized LDL‐Induced Apoptosis in Human Endothelial Cells: Role of MAPK‐ and JAK/ STAT‐SignalingJung‐Suk Choi, Yean‐Jung Choi, Sung‐Yong Shin, Jing Li, Sang‐Wook Kang, Ji‐Young Bae, Dong Shoo Kim, Geun‐ Eog Ji, Jung‐Sook Kang, and Young‐Hee KangJ. Nutr. 2008;138 983‐990 hZp://jn.nutriIon.org/cgi/content/abstract/138/6/983?etoc
- Slide 54: Strokes Hypertension and strokes are another area where the potenIal benefits of DAPP™ are growing beyond epidemiology. QuerceIn intake and the incidence of cerebrovascular disease P Knekt1, S Isotupa1, H Rissanen1, M Heliövaara1, R Järvinen2, S Häkkinen3, A Aromaa1 and A Reunanen1 European Journal of Clinical NutriIon, 2000, 54: 415‐417 Finnish researchers report that persons who ate the most apples had the lowest risk of thromboIc stroke, possibly due to the phytonutrients found in the apples. This conclusion was based on evaluaIon of dietary records and health outcomes of 9,208 men followed for 28 years. Unlike findings from other epidemiological studies, the researchers aZributed this posiIve associaIon to phytonutrients other than querceIn found in apples (e.g., catechins), demonstraIng apples' broad phytonutrient content. hZp://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v54/n5/abs/1600974a.html QuerceIn Reduces Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Subjects R. L. Edwards, T. Lyon, S. E. Litwin, A. Rabovsky, J. D. Symons, and T. JaliliJ. Nutr., November 1, 2007; 137(11): 2405 – 2411 hZp://jn.nutriIon.org/cgi/content/abstract/137/11/2405
- Slide 55: Bone Fruit derived polyphenols like those found in DAPP™ should help minimize Bone loss via TNF‐alpha inhibiIon. • \"It is possible that dietary consump(on of dried plums could serve as a source of polyphenolic compounds that favorably modulate both bone forma(on and resorp(on, and provide a natural alterna(ve for individuals at risk of osteoporosis.” • Researchers, So Young Bu, Tamara Hunt, and Brenda Smith, used mouse cells (MC3T3‐E1) to examine the effects of different concentra+ons of dried plum polyphenols, ranging from zero to 20 micrograms per milliliter. Twenty‐four hours azer incuba+on with the polyphenols they introduced tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐alpha, 0 or 1.0 nanograms per ml). TNF‐alpha is known to inhibit the ac+vity of osteoblasts ‐ cells responsible for bone forma+on. • Polyphenol doses of 5, 10 and 20 micrograms per milliliter were found to enhance the produc+on of compounds linked to bone forma+on. These doses also countered the detrimental effects of TNF‐alpha addi+on. The Journal of Nutri(onal Biochemistry Published online ahead of print 20 May 2008, doi: 10.1016/ j.jnutbio.2007.11.012\"Dried plum polyphenols aLenuate the detrimental effects of TNF‐alpha on osteoblast func(on coincident with up‐regula(on of Runx2, Osterix and IGF‐I\"Authors: S.Y. Bu, T.S. Hunt, B.J. Smith hZp://www.nutraingredients.com/news/ng.asp?n=86101&c=jzUwkG%2B8zgl7Gbj4Gfg3Lw%3D%3D
- Slide 56: Sports Athletes are always looking for natural ways to stay healthy over the course of a long season & minimize muscle loss when injured (unloaded). • “AppleBoostersTM tube huge hit with our team this year, especially our European athletes who only like using organic products and natural ingredients. The tubes were a great way for our athletes to maximize their an(oxidant intake to defend against illness.” Ray Bear • NHL Strength Coach• Atlanta Thrashers AppleBoost™ capsules are used along with AppleBooster™ Applesauce when immune, joint health and injuries prevent the compromise an athletes ability to spare muscle (unloading‐oxidaIve stress and atrophy). • Allopurinol mi+gates muscle contrac+le dysfunc+on caused by hind limb unloading in mice. Matuszczak Y, Arbogast S, Reid MB. Aviat Space Environ Med 75: 581Ð588, 2004. • Trolox impairs mechanical ven+la+on‐induced diaphragma+c dysfunc+on & proteolysis. Begers JL, Criswell DS, Shanely RA, Van Gammeren D, Falk D, DeRuisseau KC, Deering M, Yimlamai T, Powers SK. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170: 1179Ð1184, 2004 • Hindlimb unloading increases oxida+ve stress & disrupts an+oxidant capacity in skeletal muscle. Lawler JM, Song W, Demaree SR. Free Radic Biol Med 35: 9Ð16, 2003. • Mechanical ven+la+on‐induced diaphragma+c atrophy is associated with oxida+ve injury and increased proteoly+c ac+vity. Shanely RA, Zergeroglu MA, Lennon SL, Sugiura T, Yimlamai T, Am J Respir Crit Care Med 15: 1369Ð1374, 2002. • Mechanism of oxida+ve stress in skeletal muscle atrophied by immobiliza+on. Kondo H, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 265: E839ÐE844, ‘93.
- Slide 57: Aging DAPP™ should help resolve some of the pH issues in aging muscle that seem to be rate limiIng, delaying the anabolic signaling efficiency in acidic Issue (young or old muscle). • Acute metabolic acidosis inhibits muscle protein synthesis in rats Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287: E90‐E96, 2004. First published February 24, 2004; hLp://ajpendo.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/287/1/E90 • Alkaline diets favor lean Issue mass in older adults Bess Dawson‐Hughes, Susan S Harris, and Lisa Ceglia Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87 662‐665 hgp://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/87/3/662?etoc hgp://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2008/080523.htm • Skeletal muscle protein anabolic response to resistance exercise and essenIal amino acids is delayed with aging Drummond, M. J., Dreyer, H. C., Pennings, B., Fry, C. S., Dhanani, S., Dillon, E. L., Sheffield‐Moore, M., Volpi, E., Rasmussen, B. B. J. Appl. Physiol. 2008 104: p. 1452‐1461 hgp://www.jap.org/cgi/content/abstract/104/5/1452?ct
- Slide 58: Brain Health The bioacIve compounds in DAPP™ are emerging in the cogniIve health research. Effects of Banana, Orange, and Apple on OxidaIve Stress‐Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells ‐ \"with apple offering the best protecIon \" Journal of Food Science Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.1111/j.1750‐3841.2007.00632.xAuthors: H.J. Heo, S.J. Choi, S.‐G. Choi, D.‐H. Shin, J.M. Lee, C.Y. Lee hZp://www.NutraIngredients.com/news/ng.asp? n=82925&m=1NIE131&c=ixrgnuzqtetwvdv CogniIve funcIon, memory and learning: Researchers at the University of MassachuseZs at Lowell report that nutrients in apples and apple juice may improve memory and learning, and may protect against oxidaIve damage that contributes to age‐related brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Dr. Thomas Shea Journal on NutriIon Health and Aging, 2004, 8: 92‐97 Fruit and vegetable juices and Alzheimer's disease: the Kame Project. Dai Q, Borenstein AR, Wu Y, Jackson JC, Larson EBAm J Med. 2006 Sep;119(9):751‐9. PMID:16945610. hZp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16945610
- Slide 59: Obesity It's a bit early to get excited about this, but the links between Phenolics like we find in DAPP™ seem to have a role in sugar and fat metabolism. • Research Team Discovers Brain Pathway Responsible for Obesity • University of Wisconsin‐Madison researchers, for the first +me, have found a messaging system in the brain that directly affects food intake and body weight. The hypothalamus‐‐the brain structure responsible for maintaining a steady state in the body‐‐and for the first +me found that a cell‐signaling pathway primarily associated with inflamma+on also influences the regula+on of food intake. • Cell, 3‐Oct‐2008—University of Wisconsin‐Madison hLp://www.newswise.com/ar(cles/view/544780/?sc=dwhn Effects of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids on the InhibiIon of Adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Volume 55, Pages 8404‐8410 Authors: C.‐L. Hsu, G.‐C. Yen hZp://www.nutraingredients.com/news/ng.asp?n=81281&m=1NIEN12&c=ckxuxgqynoovich
- Slide 60: PharmaceuIcal DAPP™ is going to be pulled into the pharmaceuIcal industry as a consumer friendly addiIve on a number of fronts. We are also tracking the anI‐ bacterial applicaIons of DAPP™ with our concerns of MRSA exposures to athletes AnImicrobial effect of polyphenols from apple skins on human bacterial pathogens Biotechnology and Environment Vol 9 No. 3, Special Issue, 2006 Electronic Journal of Biotechnology ISSN: 0717‐3458 ‐ 2006 hZp://www.scielo.cl/pdf/ejb/v9n3/a06.pdf Combined effects of flavonoids and acyclovir against herpesviruses in cell cultures. Mucsi I, Gyulai Z, Béládi I.InsItute of Microbiology, Albert Szent‐Györgyi University Medical School, Szeged, Hungary. The combined anIviral effects of some flavonoid compounds and acycloguanosine (acyclovir, Zovirax) were studied on the mulIplicaIon of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in HEp‐2 cells and on pseudorabies (Aujeszky) virus .... synergic interacIon, all combinaIons exhibited synergy, FIC values of 0.6‐0.8 being commonly observed. PMID: 1339152 hZp://www.patentstorm.us/patents/5948918.html Select Plant Tannins Induce IL‐2R{alpha} Up‐RegulaIon and Augment Cell Division in {gamma}{delta} T Cells \"Our analyses suggest that a tannin‐based drug may complement the phosphoanIgen‐based drugs, thereby enhancing the therapeuIc potenIal of T cells. \"J. Immunol. 2007 179: 6468‐6478. Holderness, L. Jackiw, E. J. Kimmel, H. Kerns, M. Radke, J. F. Hedges, C. Petrie, P. McCurley, P. M. Glee, A. Palecanda, and M. A. JuIla hZp://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/abstract/179/10/6468
- Slide 61: Flavor & CosmeceuIcal Ungerer has developed an innovaIve flavor range that uses fruit fiber as carriers….making a natural ingredient out of a by‐product that can also boost food’s fiber content. The dried, milled fibers themselves have very ligle flavor, but a slight acidity. Typical carriers for flavors in powder form are maltodextrin and wheat starch. Using fruit fiber instead is not cheaper – in fact, the fibers are more expensive but the health benefits and those looking for clean labeling. (hgp://www.ungererandcompany.com) hgp://www.foodnavigator.com/Financial‐Industry/UK‐firm‐puts‐fruit‐fibres‐to‐use‐in‐flavours/?c=jzUwkG%2B8zgmGPHmsa3nviQ%3D%3D PYRUS MALUS (APPLE) FRUIT EXTRACT has reported used in the following product types: condiIoner (34); facial moisturizer/treatment (31); shampoo (22); anI‐aging (22);moisturizer (22); eye shadow (16); facial cleanser (15); blush (15); acne treatment (14); other products with spf (13) hZp://www.cosmeIcsdatabase.com/ingredient.php?ingred06=705464&refurl=%2Fproduct.php%3Fprod_id%3D18536%26 TradiIonally the pecIn derived from apple has been used as a thickener in cosmeIcs and one line even used green apple juice as a theme in mulIple products.” Juice Beauty uses freshly‐squeezed organic juice concentrates as our base, not water. Organic juices are rich in potent anIoxidants, essenIal vitamins, vital phytonutrients and powerful hydroxy acids\" hZp://www.juicebeauty.com/za/JB?PAGE=ADDITIONALARTICLES&ID=19 Significance of skin flavonoids for UV‐B‐protecIon in apple fruits Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 54, No. 389, pp. 1977‐1984, August 1, 2003 hZp://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/54/389/1977
- Slide 62: The Business
- Slide 63: Searched Out Source: ‘04 Cornell Patent, Apple Boost, Leahy Orchards Cornell Patent “Apple peel powder, methods of making, and uses thereof” #20050147723 “We found that tumor incidence was reduced by 17, 39 and 44 percent in rats fed the human equivalent of one, three or six apples a day, respectively, over 24 weeks,” Rui Hai Liu, Cornell Food Science
- Slide 64: AppleBoost™ Products • Finished products containing Apple Bioac+ves™ DAPP™ is the focus of AppleBoost™ Inc. • AppleBoost™ caps and ready to mix Powder have been around for over a year now and are what I first ran into with the MLP pitchers seeking an alterna+ve to NSAIDS. The capsules are now NSF Cer+fied for Sport to ensure athletes they are free of banned substances (Why NSF apple peel? Capsules have to be labeled as supplement). Apple peel powder at 3% Moisture: • The AppleBooster™ Natural Energy DAPP™ 1.44 g = 1 medium apple for+fied “Nutrient‐Rich Organic Applesauce” just 725 mg = 1 capsule 2 caps = one apple came out early May ’08 and have been extremely well received by food service managers, Die++ans, Athle+c Trainers and Strength Coaches responsible for fueling athletes. • Because of simple, natural ‐ food form of the AppleBooster™ tubes, they were immediately put in the travel bag of every US Olympic Athlete going to the 2008 Beijing Olympics (hgp:// www.appleboost.com/news/a‐us‐olympic‐trial‐as‐american‐as‐apple‐ peel.shtml).
- Slide 65: Dave Copeland Food Industry Veteran 8 Managing Partner AppleBoost™ Inc. • In 2007 I met Dave Copeland who at the +me was doing business as Adirondack Contract Packaging with the encapsulated form of DAPP being marketed as \"AppleBoost™\". • • Dave Copeland is a food industry veteran with • entrepreneurial experience in crea+ng and formula+ng • retail food and beverage products. Dave is extremely resourceful in his ability to put projects like this, but needed some help pulling all the relevant science together. • The Cornell patent has 18 more years before expira+on so the stage is set for cornering the global DAPP™ market through Apple Bioac+ves™ Inc. The Cornell patent license mandates Apple Bioac+ves™ to penetrate all markets on a global basis directly or via capable sub licensees. The primary markets are animal, food, supplement, cosmeceu+cal and pharmaceu+cal.
- Slide 66: AppleBioacIves™ ‐ DAPP™ Licensing 1) Apple BioacIves™ h

